This study aims at examining western publication material after the emergence of ISIS in 2014 to highlight any mis-interpretations and mis-translations of Jihad verses in the Holy Quran and any other distorted images for Arabs and Muslims used by the West, images and ideas which have nurtured extremists around the world even in the Arabic and Islamic worlds in order to clarify the true image of peaceful Islam. 66 Books discussing and examining jihad, Islam, radicalist groups and ISIS among others were investigated. The books were divided into three groups; group one includes 37 books which were published starting from 2014 (the emergence of ISIS) and were written by western authors, group two includes 12 books written by Muslim and Arab authors about the same topic, and group three includes books which were written before 2014 by western authors as well. The reason behind examining books by western authors before 2014 (emergence of ISIS) is to highlight any differences on the degree of hostility towards Arabs and Muslims. Those books include a good number of Quranic verses in different topics, only the repeated verses about Jihad were examined and they were compared to their interpretation and reasons of revelation in Ibn Katheer tafsir. The study concludes that most of those verses mentioned in group one and three were taken out of their contexts, by either mentioning one part of them without finishing the rest of the verse which always clarify it or by restricting the condition of fighting mentioning on them or by giving a misinterpretation of such verses or by generalizing wrong and misleading assumptions leading to mislead western readers and audience and showing Islam as a religion of violence and hate against all no-Muslims community. Group two authors' interpretations and discussion coincide with Ibn Katheer interpretations of those verses most of time. Authors of group three are clearly accusing Islam of being bloody and violent. It is clear that presenting and producing false images and misconceptions and stereotypes about Islam and Muslims in topics related to jihad in particular have been established even before 2014(the emergence of ISIS) in the western printed media i.e. books but were less hostile than now. Major reasons behind those mis-interpretations and distorted images are Media and ISIS and like-minded groups by claiming that they are establishing an Islamic State. The researcher suggested a number of recommendations to bridge the gap between the west and Muslims.


Subject Area(s):

  • Translation
 
  • Quranic Studies


Principle Investigator:

Anjad A. Mahasneh

 

Associate Professor of Translation

 

anjadmahasneh@yu.edu.jo


Unit:

Faculty of Arts


Period:

03.2018 - 09.2019


Funding Agency:

Scientific Research Support Fund, Jordan


Partners:

None


Budget:

19,000 JOD


Website:

http://wa-liya-deen.yu.edu.jo/index.php/en/


Outcomes:

Despite the fact that most group one books were against Islam in general and radical Islam in particular partially due to the distorted images and mis-quotations of Jihad verses by terrorist groups such as ISIS and due to the savage attacks carried out by those groups in the name of Islam, A good number of authors were with Islam and illustrated in their books the true meaning of jihad.
Those negative attitude and distorted images and stereotypes presented by those authors started before the emergence of ISIS in 2014 as we have seen in group three books.
Media use of translated texts of Quranic verse can be affect the way the verses are understood due to the lack of an equivalent translation of Quran. Also, the context in which media cites Qur’anic verses also has a huge influence on the image of Islam and the teachings of Quran, depending on attitude of the media towards Quran (Ittefaq & Ahmad, 2018; Tan, 2016). For example, the usage of war-like verses and chunks of verses by ISIS media, reflects an overgeneralization of jihad and war-restricted acts against multiple targets, not necessarily a non-Muslims, in accordance to ISIS propaganda, therefore a misinterpretation and understanding of such verses and the whole Quran. Hence, media can render this false reflection of Quran used by radicalists and the use of translations that does not give the whole context and idea of the verse which helps to for more distortion of Quran (Alrefai, 2015; Latif and Munir,2014; Ittefaq & Ahmad, 2018)
Allah Almighty Identifies the purpose of Islam in the Quran "We have not sent (Prophet Muhammad) except as a mercy to all the world" (21:107), وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا رَحْمَةً لِّلْعَالَمِينَ The message that Allah sent the prophet Muhammad with is to achieve mercy on earth, and anything is contrary to mercy and justice doesn't belong to the message of Islam. Islam recognizes that non-Muslims are an essential component of human society Allah says "And if thy Lord willed, He verily would have made mankind one nation, yet they cease not differing" (11:118) وَلَوْ شَاءَ رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً ۖ وَلَا يَزَالُونَ مُخْتَلِفِينَ All human beings are honored in light of Islam in spite of their religions " We have honored the children of Adam" (17:70) وَلَقَدْ كَرَّمْنَا بَنِي آدَمَ وَحَمَلْنَاهُمْ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ وَرَزَقْنَاهُم مِّنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَفَضَّلْنَاهُمْ عَلَىٰ كَثِيرٍ مِّمَّنْ خَلَقْنَا تَفْضِيلًا Islam builds its relations with non-Muslim communities on rules of justice "Allah does not forbid you to be kind and to act justly to those who have neither made war on your religion nor expelled you from your homes. Allah loves the just" (60/8) لَّا يَنْهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَنِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ فِي الدِّينِ وَلَمْ يُخْرِجُوكُم مِّن دِيَارِكُمْ أَن تَبَرُّوهُمْ وَتُقْسِطُوا إِلَيْهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ, there is no fight needed unless there is an aggressive provocation, "Fight in the way of Allah those who fight against you, but do not aggress. Allah does not love the aggressors" (2/190)وقاتلوا في سبيل الله الذين يقاتلونكم ولا تعتدوا ان الله لا يحب المعتدين These aspects of the Quran and Sunnah legislations represent the moderation of Islam, and the essential rule in the religion of Islam mentioned in the Quran "There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion" (2/256). لَا إِكْرَاهَ فِي الدِّينِ ۖ قَد تَّبَيَّنَ الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الْغَيِّ ۚ فَمَن يَكْفُرْ بِالطَّاغُوتِ وَيُؤْمِن بِاللَّهِ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَىٰ لَا انفِصَامَ لَهَا ۗ وَاللَّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ وَقَاتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ الَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَكُمْ وَلَا تَعْتَدُوا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ in other words; Islam as a religion is obvious and clear to all mankind, and one can choose to convert to Islam or not without any compulsory.


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